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Outline of water

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Faucet dripping water.
Structure of the water molecule (H2O)

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to water:

Waterchemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state (water vapor or steam). Under nomenclature used to name chemical compounds, Dihydrogen monoxide is the scientific name for water, though it is almost never used.[1]

History

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Chemical properties and use

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Seawater.
Boiling water.

Physical properties

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Frozen water, that is, ice.

Geography

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The Water Cycle
Rapidly flowing river.

Weather

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A snowflake.
Snow-covered trees.
  • Precipitation (meteorology) – Product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity
    • Rain – Precipitation in the form of water droplets
    • Freezing rain – Rain maintained at temperatures below freezing
    • Drizzle – Light liquid precipitation
    • Snow – Precipitation in the form of ice crystal flakes
    • Snow pellets – Precipitation that forms when supercooled droplets of water freeze on a falling snowflake
    • Snow grains – very small particles of ice, the solid equivalent of drizzle
    • Ice pellets – Precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice
    • Hail – Form of solid precipitation
    • Ice crystals – Water ice in symmetrical shapes
    • Dew – Water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening
    • Frost – Coating or deposit of ice
      • Hoarfrost – Coating or deposit of ice
    • Atmospheric icing – Weather condition in which water droplets freeze onto objects they come in contact with
    • Glaze ice – Coating of ice on objects
  • Cloud – Visible mass of liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in the atmospheres
  • Fog – Atmospheric phenomenon
  • Mist – Phenomenon caused by small droplets of water suspended in air
  • Spindrift – Spray blown from cresting waves in gales
  • Flood – Water overflow submerging usually-dry land
  • Wave – Repeated oscillation around equilibrium
    • Wind wave – Surface waves generated by wind on open water
    • Tsunami – Series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water
  • Drought – Period with less precipitation than normal

In nature and life

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Marine and aquatic life

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Politics and issues

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Supply and sanitation

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An example of a Reservoir, Ladybower Reservoir.
  • Water supply – Provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations or others
    • Water supply network – System of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components providing water
      • Reservoir – Storage space for water
      • Dam – Barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface or underground streams
      • Water tower – Elevated structure supporting a tank
      • Aqueduct – Structure constructed to convey water
      • Pump – Device that imparts energy to the fluids by mechanical action
      • Water well – Excavation or structure to provide access to groundwater
      • Drinking Fountain – Architecture which pours water into a basin or jets it into the air
      • Water pipe – Systems for conveying fluids
        • Plumbing – Systems for conveying fluids
      • Tap (valve) – Valve controlling the release of a liquid or gas
  • Sanitation – Public health conditions related to clean water and proper excreta and sewage disposal
  • Drinking water – Water safe for consumption
  • Water fluoridation – Addition of fluoride to a water supply to reduce tooth decay

In culture and sport

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Poseidon, Greek god of water. The Roman water god, Neptune, was almost identical to Poseidon

Uses

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  • Bathing – Washing of the body with a liquid
    • Sink – Bowl-shaped plumbing fixture
    • Bathtub – Large container for holding water in which a person may bathe
    • Shower – Place in which a person bathes under a spray of water
  • Drinking – Ingestion of water or other liquids
  • Use of water in fire fighting – Actions to prevent damage from fire
  • Irrigation – Agricultural artificial application of water to land
  • Professional diving – Underwater diving where divers are paid for their work
  • Naval warfare – Combat involving sea-going ships
  • Washing – Method of cleaning
  • Water transport – Transport of people or goods via waterways
  • Water clock – Time-piece in which time is measured by the flow of liquid into or out of a vessel
  • Water-based sources of power
    • Water wheel – Machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power
    • Hydroelectricity – Electricity generated by hydropower
    • Hydropower – Power generation via movement of water
    • Marine current power – Extraction of power from ocean currents
    • Marine energy – Energy available from oceans
    • Osmotic power – Energy available from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water
    • Tidal power – Technology to convert the energy from tides into useful forms of power
    • Wave power – Transport of energy by wind waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Bramer, Scott. "Chemical Nomenclature". Widener University, Department of Chemistry. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
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